Vikram‑1: India’s First Privately Built Orbital Rocket Flagged Off

Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy, along with Industries Minister D. Sridhar Babu, has officially flagged off the flight hardware of Skyroot Aerospace’s Vikram‑1 — India’s first privately developed orbital rocket. The ceremony at Skyroot’s Max‑Q campus in Hyderabad marks a turning point in India’s space journey, symbolizing the rise of private participation alongside ISRO’s legacy.

Skyroot Aerospace’s Vikram‑1 is a three‑stage, carbon‑composite orbital launch vehicle designed to carry up to 350 kg of satellites into low Earth orbit (LEO). It features 3D‑printed engines, solid and liquid propulsion stages, and is India’s first privately developed rocket headed for an orbital mission, with launch targeted for June 2026.

This marks a historic milestone in India’s space sector, symbolizing the rise of private participation alongside ISRO’s legacy. Vikram‑1 is designed to carry small satellites into low Earth orbit, offering cost‑effective and flexible launch options for global and domestic customers.

From India for the world! 🚀

Honoured to have the Hon. Chief Minister of Telangana, Shri. @revanth_anumula flag-off Vikram-1 to the spaceport today.

The journey now enters its most defining phase—kickstarting the integration and launch campaign of India’s first private orbital… https://t.co/Y5YqNNsa8x pic.twitter.com/iCAok6LWTC

— Pawan (@PawanKChandana) April 25, 2026

What Makes Vikram‑1 Special

• Payload Capacity: Can carry up to 350 kg of satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Design: A three‑stage rocket built entirely with carbon composites, making it lighter and faster to manufacture.
• Propulsion: Solid boosters for initial thrust, liquid engines for precision orbital insertion, and 3D‑printed indigenous engines reducing cost and assembly time.
• Launch Site: Final integration at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
• Launch Window: Targeted for June 2026, marking India’s first private orbital launch attempt.

Why This Milestone Matters

• Private Breakthrough: Skyroot becomes the first Indian private company to build and launch an orbital rocket.
• Policy Impact: Reflects India’s new space reforms encouraging private sector innovation under IN‑SPACe and ISRO oversight.
• Global Signal: Positions India as a competitive hub for small satellite launches, a market dominated by Rocket Lab and SpaceX.
• Local Boost: Telangana’s support highlights its ambition to be a space‑tech hub, creating jobs and fostering innovation.

Vikram‑1 vs ISRO’s PSLV

Feature	Vikram‑1 (Skyroot)	PSLV (ISRO)
Payload to LEO	350 kg	~1,750 kg
Structure	Carbon composite	Metal alloys
Engines	Solid + liquid, 3D‑printed	Solid + liquid conventional
Operator	Private (Skyroot)	Government (ISRO)
Target Market	Small satellites	Medium‑sized satellites

Key Technical Details of Vikram‑1

• Type: Multi‑stage orbital launch vehicle.
• Payload Capacity: Up to 350 kg to Low Earth Orbit (160–2,000 km altitude).
• Structure: Built entirely with carbon composites, making it lighter and faster to manufacture compared to traditional metal rockets.
• Propulsion: Solid boosters for initial thrust, liquid engines for precision orbital insertion, and 3D‑printed indigenous engines reducing cost and assembly time.
• Fairing: Space‑ready payload fairing protects satellites during ascent.
• Integration Site: Final assembly and integration at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

Launch Timeline

• Flag‑off Date: April 25, 2026, from Skyroot’s Max‑Q campus in Hyderabad.
• Destination: Hardware dispatched to Sriharikota spaceport.
• Launch Window: June 2026, marking India’s first private orbital launch attempt.

Challenges Ahead

• Reliability: First‑time orbital launches carry high risk.
• Competition: Global players already dominate the small satellite launch market.
• Regulation: Must meet stringent safety standards set by ISRO and IN‑SPACe.

The Bigger Picture

Vikram‑1 is more than just a rocket — it’s a symbol of India’s private spaceflight era. With cost‑effective technology, government backing, and global ambitions, Skyroot Aerospace is positioning India as a serious contender in the commercial satellite launch market.

Beyond Skyroot’s Vikram‑1, India’s private space sector is rapidly expanding with several other rockets in development — including Agnikul’s Agnibaan, Bellatrix’s Chetak, and a privately manufactured PSLV variant — all aiming to capture the booming small satellitelaunch market.

Astrophel Aerospace to Test India’s First Privately Built Reusable Rocket Prototype on Independence Day 2026

Pune-based space tech startup Astrophel Aerospace, which has developed an in-house portfolio of ‘Made-in-India’ propulsion and cryogenic subsystems, today announced the upcoming test flight of its reusable suborbital rocket, targeting 15th August, 2026.

Designed as a vertical takeoff and vertical landing (VTVL) test prototype, a successful test not only represents a critical milestone towards the development of a fully operational and commercially viable reusable launch vehicle in India, but also as a flight-relevant validation platform for Astrophel’s cryogenic subsystems and components.

The 3-metre long prototype, also known as a hopper, weighs approximately 200kg, currently being designed, manufactured and assembled at Astrophel’s Pune facility. The space tech startup also recently developed high-performance cryogenic control valves, marking another key milestone in India’s private aerospace component manufacturing ecosystem. The valves are part of Astrophel’s broader portfolio of propulsion and cryogenic sub-systems, including turbopumps, vacuum-insulated cryogenic storage tanks and high-speed precision linear actuators.

We expect the upcoming test to mark one of the first instances of a privately developed reusable rocket prototype that’s been designed, manufactured and tested entirely from within India, said Co-founder and CEO, Suyash Bafna

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Astrophel Aerospace was one of a handful of space tech startups to successfully conduct a cryogenic engine test just three years ago on 15th August 2023, raising more than USD 800,000 last year. By vertically integrating critical sub-systems, the startup is demonstrating a tightly integrated hardware ecosystem that enables faster development cycles, improved performance control and seamless integration across allied industries such as aerospace, defense, oil & gas and emerging energy applications such as green hydrogen.

Our in-house design and manufacturing approach borrows inspiration from automotive best practices and we’ll be able to develop subsystems at approximately 40% of the cost compared to global players, added Cofounder and COO, Immanuel Louis.

India’s space tech startups today rely heavily on imported subsystems and components. Astrophel aims to address this gap by developing and validating critical hardware in-house, while also building revenue through component sales and licensing partnerships. The approach enables the company to de-risk the path to orbit while making high-performance propulsion and cryogenic systems more accessible to a broader range of launch partners and customers.

Satellite operators today rely on rideshare programs that face multiple delays due to limited availability and scheduling constraints, while it is predicted that over 70,000 low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites will be launched over the next five years, as per Goldman Sachs Research. Demand for faster and more flexible launch solutions is set to grow exponentially with reusability emerging as a critical capability driving the future of accessibility to cost effective launch services. 

About Astrophel Aerospace

Astrophel Aerospace is an Indian space technology startup developing affordable, dedicated launch vehicles powered by advanced semi-cryogenic propulsion systems. The Pune- based startup is among the few private players in India to have independently built and successfully test-fired a semi-cryogenic rocket engine, on 15th August 2023, at a cost of just USD 6000, with zero external funding. Founded in 2022 by Suyash Bafna and Immanuel Louis, Astrophel is built on the belief that world-class aerospace technology should not cost billions. A core guiding principle at Astrophel Aerospace is, “To transform aerospace manufacturing the way the assembly line transformed automobiles.” While aiming for orbit, the startup is commercializing critical subsystems such as cryogenic valves, turbopumps, sensors, and actuators, producing them at a fraction of traditional costs using innovative engineering and automotive manufacturing methods. The startup combines principles from automotive manufacturing with advanced techniques such as 3D printing to reduce production time and costs by up to 40%. Beyond launch services, Astrophel is actively derisking R&D by commercialising high-value propulsion and aerospace components, enabling a sustainable revenue model ahead of full orbital missions. The startup is backed by deep-tech investors and supported by the Government of India’s MeitY SAMRIDH program, and an advisory board comprising veterans from ISRO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, and DRDO. Astrophel has also signed a strategic MoU with ISRO to access testing infrastructure and technical support. With India’s space economy projected to reach USD 44 billion by 2033, the startup is poised to build a globally competitive, export-ready launch and propulsion ecosystem from within India.

About Suyash Bafna

Suyash Bafna is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace, playing a key role in systems integration, operations, and strategic execution. With a background in mechanical engineering, Suyash bridges the gap between propulsion, avionics, and structural design, ensuring that Astrophel’s launch systems are optimised for performance and reliability. He has been instrumental in coordinating subsystem development for the Astra C1 vehicle and managing timelines for the company’s upcoming suborbital launch. His focus on mission-readiness, testing protocols, and cross-functional collaboration has helped streamline development despite limited resources. At Astrophel, Suyash also oversees external partnerships and vendor alignments, working to reduce costs while maintaining technical integrity. Passionate about building indigenous space capabilities, he is committed to enabling affordable access to space for small satellite operators. His systems-driven leadership contributes significantly to Astrophel’s goal of becoming India’s most cost-effective and agile launch provider.

About Immanuel Louis

Immanuel Louis is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace. An aerospace engineer by training and a lifelong aviation enthusiast, Immanuel holds a master’s degree from MIT Chennai. His journey began with building remote-control aircraft as a child and evolved into co-building one of India’s most affordable semi-cryogenic rocket engines. At Astrophel, he spearheads propulsion system design, engineering integration, and business strategy. He is committed to building India’s next-gen launch infrastructure and fostering a new wave of aerospace talent. His passion lies in combining indigenous innovation with global best practices to position Astrophel as an upcoming leader in the small satellite launch segment.

India’s Agnikul Fires World’s Largest 3D-Printed Rocket Engine

Agnikul Cosmos has successfully test-fired Agnite, the world’s largest single-piece 3D-printed rocket engine, marking a breakthrough in rapid rocket manufacturing.

The Chennai-based startup’s engine, built entirely in one piece from Inconel alloy, is one metre long and can be produced in just seven days—cutting turnaround times by up to 97% compared to traditional methods.

A remarkable feat which will make the entire nation proud!

The successful launch of Agnibaan rocket powered by world’s first single-piece 3D printed semi-cryogenic engine is a momentous occasion for India’s space sector and a testament to the remarkable ingenuity of our Yuva… https://t.co/iJFyy0dRqq pic.twitter.com/LlUAErHkO9

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) May 30, 2024

Watch Rocket Fire»

Humbled to announce the successful firing of our single piece Agnite engine. Agnite engines power Agnibaan’s booster stage. These engine chambers are a full meter long, fully 3d printed as a single piece of hardware and made of Inconel. Agnite engines are driven by pumps that are… pic.twitter.com/dGlAJEt0Md

— AgniKul Cosmos (@AgnikulCosmos) March 25, 2026

Key Highlights of Agnikul’s Achievement

• Engine Name: Agnite
• Size: 1 metre long, largest single-piece Inconel rocket engine ever built
• Manufacturing Time: 7 days (vs. 6–7 months traditionally)
• Technology: Fully 3D-printed, no welds, joints, or fasteners
• Pump System: First of its scale tested with electric motor-driven pumps
• Company Base: Chennai, India; incubated at IIT Madras

Why This Matters

• Rapid Production: Cuts engine build time from months to days, enabling faster launch readiness.
• Reliability: Fewer joints and welds reduce failure points, improving repeatability.
• Commercial Potential: Agnikul is targeting up to 30 launches per year, catering to small satellite operators.
• Strategic Impact: Faster turnaround is crucial for defense, disaster management, and commercial satellite deployment.

Competitive Context

Company	Innovation	Manufacturing Time	Focus
Agnikul Cosmos (India)	Single-piece 3D-printed Inconel engine (Agnite)	7 days	Small satellite launches, rapid turnaround
Relativity Space (US)	Entire rockets 3D-printed	Weeks	Medium-lift rockets, scalability
Skyroot Aerospace (India)	3D-printed cryogenic engines	Weeks	Affordable launch services

Risks & Challenges

• Scaling Production: Moving from prototype tests to consistent commercial launches will require robust supply chains.
• Regulatory Approvals: Faster production cycles must align with safety and certification standards.
• Global Competition: US startups like Relativity Space are pushing full-rocket 3D printing, raising the bar for innovation.

Editorial Takeaway

For India’s private space sector, Agnikul’s test is a watershed moment. It positions the country as a serious player in next-gen propulsion technology, with implications for both commercial and strategic missions. The ability to build engines in a week could redefine launch economics, especially for small satellites—a market expected to grow exponentially in the coming decade.

After Back-to-Back Rocket Failures, National Security Advisor Doval Rushes to ISRO

National Security Advisor Ajit Doval visited ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram on February 3, 2026, following two consecutive failures of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), India’s most trusted rocket. His visit signals the government’s deep concern over the setbacks and the strategic importance of restoring PSLV’s reliability.

Doval’s visit was undertaken on the direct instructions of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and aimed at examining whether the back-to-back mission failures had any national security implications, including the possibility of sabotage.

Why the Visit Matters

• Security Oversight: PSLV is vital for launching defense and surveillance satellites. Doval’s presence indicates national security implications.
• Technical Review: He met with VSSC Director A. Rajarajan and senior scientists to assess the failures and discuss corrective actions.
• Global Reputation: PSLV’s reliability underpins India’s commercial launch contracts and international credibility.

Timeline of PSLV Missions: Successes & Failures

Year	Mission	Outcome	Notes
1993	PSLV-D1	Failure	First developmental flight.
1994	PSLV-D2	Success	First successful PSLV launch.
1997	PSLV-C1	Success	IRS-1D satellite.
2017	PSLV-C37	Success	Record 104 satellites launched.
2020–2022	C48–C52	Success	EOS and INS series.
2025	PSLV-C61	Failure	Third-stage anomaly.
2026	PSLV-C62	Failure	Similar third-stage issue.

Success Rate: Over 55 missions with only 4 failures — a reliability rate of ~93%.

Strategic Implications

• Technical Risk: Repeated third-stage anomalies suggest systemic issues.
• Defense Impact: Delays in satellite deployment could affect surveillance and communications.
• Commercial Fallout: International clients may hesitate until reliability is restored.

NSA Doval’s visit is not just symbolic — it’s a signal that PSLV’s recovery is a matter of national priority.

India’s LVM3 ‘Baahubali’ Marks ISRO’s Largest Commercial Mission With 6,100 kg Satellite

India’s “Baahubali” rocket (LVM3-M6) has successfully placed the heaviest-ever satellite launched by the country—a U.S. communications satellite weighing over 6,000 kg—into orbit, marking a historic milestone for ISRO and India’s commercial space ambitions.

Key Highlights of the Mission

• Rocket: LVM3-M6, India’s most powerful launch vehicle, nicknamed Baahubali.
• Payload: BlueBird Block-2 / BlueBird 6, a U.S. communications satellite.
• Weight: ~6,100 kg — the heaviest satellite ever launched by India.
• Orbit: Successfully placed into a ~520 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
• Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
• Date: December 24, 2025.
• Commercial Deal: Conducted under NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL) for AST SpaceMobile.

A significant stride in India’s space sector…

The successful LVM3-M6 launch, placing the heaviest satellite ever launched from Indian soil, the spacecraft of USA, BlueBird Block-2, into its intended orbit, marks a proud milestone in India’s space journey.

It strengthens… pic.twitter.com/AH6aJAyOhi

— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) December 24, 2025

Why This Matters

• Direct-to-Mobile Connectivity: BlueBird satellites beam 4G/5G broadband directly to smartphones.
• Global Impact: Enables voice calls, video streaming, and data access anywhere.
• Commercial Strength: Positions India as a competitor in the global launch market.
• Reliability: Ninth consecutive successful launch of LVM3.

Quick Comparison: India’s LVM3 vs Global Heavy-Lift Rockets

Rocket (Nickname)	Country	Max Payload to LEO	Notable Missions
LVM3 “Baahubali”	India	~8,000 kg	BlueBird Block-2 (2025), Chandrayaan-2
Falcon 9	USA (SpaceX)	~22,800 kg	Starlink, Crew Dragon
Ariane 5	Europe (ESA/Arianespace)	~21,000 kg	James Webb Space Telescope
Long March 5	China	~25,000 kg	Chang’e lunar missions

Challenges & Opportunities

• Challenge: India’s payload capacity (~8 tons) is lower than SpaceX or China’s heavy-lift rockets.
• Opportunity: Cost-effective launches can dominate the mid-weight satellite market.
• Strategic Edge: Direct-to-mobile services could revolutionize connectivity in rural India and Africa.

This launch is more than just a technical achievement—it’s a signal of India’s growing role in global space commerce. The “Baahubali” rocket has proven itself as a reliable workhorse, and with missions like this, India is carving out a niche in the satellite communications sector.

India Opens New Space Chapter with First Private PSLV Launch in 2026

Representative Image 

India’s first privately built PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) is scheduled for launch in early 2026, marking a historic milestone in the country’s space sector. The mission, PSLV-N1, will carry the EOS-10 earth observation satellite and represents the first time India’s flagship rocket is being manufactured outside ISRO by private industry partners.

Key highlights of the 2026 launch

• Consortium-led build: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) are jointly manufacturing the rocket under ISRO’s supervision.
• Mission payload: The debut flight, PSLV-N1, will carry the EOS-10 earth observation satellite, designed for imaging and monitoring applications.
• Timeline shift: Originally planned for early 2025, the launch was delayed due to satellite readiness issues, now rescheduled for early 2026.
• Production scale: HAL and L&T are contracted to build five PSLVs initially, with scope for more depending on ISRO’s commercial pipeline.
• Commercial expansion: This launch is part of India’s broader space-sector reforms (initiated in 2020), which opened rocket manufacturing and satellite services to private players.

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Why this matters

• Privatization milestone: Until now, PSLVs were exclusively built by ISRO. This marks the first time India’s most reliable rocket is fully manufactured by industry, signaling a new era of commercialization.
• Boost to space economy: India’s space economy, valued at USD 8.2 billion in 2025, is projected to grow to USD 44 billion by 2033. Private PSLV production is expected to accelerate this growth.
• Launch cadence: ISRO has scheduled seven launches by March 2026, with multiple PSLV missions expected in the same year.
• Global competitiveness: By involving private industry, India aims to reduce costs, increase launch frequency, and attract international satellite customers.

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Strategic implications

• Industrial capacity: HAL and L&T’s involvement shows India’s aerospace industry is now capable of building complex launch vehicles end-to-end.
• Policy reforms at work: Institutions like IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre) and NSIL (NewSpace India Limited) are enabling private participation and commercialization.
• Future outlook: If successful, private PSLVs could pave the way for commercial GSLV and SSLV production, expanding India’s role in the global launch market.

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In short: India’s first private PSLV launch in 2026 is more than just a rocket flight—it’s the beginning of a new chapter where private industry takes center stage in building and operating India’s most trusted launch vehicle. This could dramatically reshape India’s space economy and global standing in the coming decade.

Timeline of PSLV milestones 1993–2026

Here’s the timeline infographic you asked for — it captures India’s PSLV journey from its very first flight in 1993 to the upcoming private-sector milestone in 2026.

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What the Timeline Shows

• 1993 – PSLV-D1: First flight (partial failure, but crucial learning).
• 1994 – PSLV-D2: First successful flight, proving India’s indigenous launch capability.
• 2008 – PSLV-C11: Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar mission.
• 2017 – PSLV-C37: Record-breaking launch of 104 satellites in a single mission.
• 2020 – Space reforms: Private participation formally allowed in India’s space sector.
• 2022 – PSLV-C54: Oceansat-3 launch, strengthening earth observation capabilities.
• 2026 – PSLV-N1: First privately manufactured PSLV, built by HAL & L&T, carrying EOS-10.

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Why It Matters

• This timeline shows how PSLV evolved from a government-built rocket into a commercially manufactured vehicle.
• It symbolizes Invdia’s transition to a public-private space ecosystem.
• The 2026 launch is not just another mission — it’s a structural shift in India’s space economy.
• It opens the door for more private builds of PSLV, GSLV, and beyond. 

IAN Angel Fund Backs Trishul Space’s Harpy-1 Engine in ₹4 Crore Pre-Seed Round

Trishul Team(L-R) Rajat, Aditya, Divyam

Trishul Space, an advanced rocket propulsion startup developing next-generation liquid rocket engines, has secured ₹4 crore in a pre-seed funding round led by the IAN Angel Fund, with participation from 8X Ventures and ITEL. The capital will fund research and testing of advanced turbopump technology, accelerating the development and commercialization of Harpy-1, a high-performance liquid rocket engine for small satellite launch vehicles.

Founded by Aditya Singh, Divyam, and Rajat Choudhary, Trishul Space builds high-performance propulsion systems powered by staged combustion cycles and AI-driven failure detection mechanism.

Building rocket engines is one of the toughest challenges for launch vehicle developers. The process is expensive, time-consuming, and technically complex, often creating a major bottleneck in the space industry. Trishul Space aims to solve this by developing cost-effective, ready-to-use liquid rocket engines that cut down development time, complexity, and cost, targeting both private and government launch vehicle manufacturers.

Rajat Choudhary, Co-founder, Trishul Space, said,

This investment is a strong validation of our vision to build India’s most advanced and reliable rocket propulsion systems. With this support, we aim to accelerate the development and testing of our ‘Harpy-1’ engine, strengthen India’s space launch ecosystem, and move one step closer to making space access faster, affordable, and globally competitive. In addition, IAN’s mentoring and guidance would help us build valuable business.

India’s space sector is shifting from government-led programs to a vibrant private ecosystem. Trishul Space aims to make rocket propulsion more modular and accessible, helping new players build faster and cheaper without starting from scratch, through its modular, plug-and-play reliable system.

By delivering advanced, affordable propulsion solutions, Trishul accelerates development timelines and lowers entry barriers for new and emerging space players. It is strategically positioned in the global small and medium launch vehicle market, projected to cross USD 15 billion by 2030, where propulsion systems account for nearly 30–40 percent of total launch costs.

The IAN Angel Fund’s investment reflects strong investor confidence in India’s space ecosystem and aligns with its focus on deep-tech ventures that help build for India’s strategic imperatives.

About Trishul Space

Trishul Space is a Deep-tech aerospace startup that was founded in 2022 with the goal of creating next-generation rocket engines that are dependable, efficient, and operational. The company specializes in high-performance propulsion systems that use AI-driven failure detection and staged combustion cycles to enable space access quicker, more economical, and competitive on a global scale. Trishul Space, which has its headquarters in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, and operates out of IIT Delhi's R&I Park, provides government and private launch vehicle makers with affordable propulsion solutions, advancing both India's and the world's transition towards a truly spacefaring civilization.

About IAN Group

IAN Group is the country’s single largest seed and early-stage investment platform, comprising IAN Angel Fund, BioAngels, IAN Fund I, and IAN Alpha Fund — enabling entrepreneurs to raise from ₹50 lakhs to ₹50 crores. The platform brings capital, mentoring from successful entrepreneurs, and global market access. It is sector-agnostic and has funded innovative start-ups across 19 sectors in India and 7 other countries, expanding the global footprint of Indian companies. IAN has been listed by Forbes as one of the iconic business and economic events of Independent India over 75 years, alongside LIC, NASSCOM, RBI, and Naukri.com

Astrophel’s Cryogenic Pump Hits ISRO Test Bench—Paving the Way for India’s First Private Gas Generator Cycle

• Astrophel Aerospace has successfully developed an indigenous cryo-pump capable of spinning at 25,000 RPM, to power its next-gen rocket engines.
• It awaits testing and certification by ISRO, marking a significant technical milestone in propulsion technology.
• The next stage of development will focus on upgrading it to a turbopump for integration into its in-house first and second stage engines by late 2026.
• Referred to as the “heart of a rocket engine”, it requires more than 50 precision-engineered components.

Suyash Bafna, Cofounder, Astrophel Aerospace, holding the cryo-pump for testing

Astrophel Aerospace, a Pune-based spacetech startup, is currently testing and characterising its indigenously developed cryogenic pump at ISRO facilities. Once successfully validated, the cryo-pump will be upgraded into a fully-fledged turbopump for integration into the startup's rocket engine, the Astra C1, by late 2026. The technical milestone positions Astrophel as one of the first private Indian space startups to develop an in-house cryo-pump.

Astrophel is also in the process of signing an MoU with a US-based partner and is actively exploring additional global collaborations, for export commercialisation at the sub-component level to service rising demand in the global space sector and industries such as oil and gas, which handle cryogenic fuels. Unlike other technical approaches, a turbopump draws power directly from the engine itself, eliminating the need for external batteries, making it a more sustainable long-term solution for space engine reusability and cost-efficient launches across all segments.

“This milestone is a testament to how India can indigenously develop advanced propulsion technologies at a fraction of global costs,” said Suyash Bafna, Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace. “ISRO’s certification will validate not just our pump, but India’s ability to innovate world-class space hardware with global export opportunities”, he added.

What began as fifty-plus separate, precisely engineered components comes together into a cryo-pump system that spins at 25,000 RPM, delivering cryogenic fuel that will power both Astrophel’s first and second-stage rocket engines. For context, at least 8-9 turbopumps are required just during the first-stage liftoff of an SSLV.

The announcement comes as India sets its sight on growing the space economy from $8.4 billion in 2022 to $44 billion by 2033, capturing 8% of the global market. With more than 250 startups entering the sector, propulsion milestones like Astrophel’s cryo-pump are vital to achieving this vision. “This milestone represents the culmination of years of frugal engineering and is a stepping stone toward India’s first privately developed gas generator cycle,” added Immanuel Louis, Co-Founder, Astrophel Aerospace.

Though the size of a one-litre bottle, the cryo-pump is powerful enough to generate 100 to 150 horsepower, equivalent to that of a family car, which will be scaled up to deliver 500 to 600 horsepower (turbopump) for larger launch vehicles. Acting as the “heart of the rocket,” a turbopump feeds cryogenic fuel into the engine at high pressure, ensuring efficient thrust control and lower material costs. Astrophel’s approach differs from other startups pursuing 3D-printed, electric pumps. Adopting lean manufacturing principles from the auto sector ensures cost efficiency, rapid assembly, and scalable production.

About Astrophel Aerospace

Astrophel Aerospace is an Indian space tech startup developing affordable, dedicated launch vehicles for small satellites, powered by semi-cryogenic propulsion systems. Its flagship Astra C1 series and Potentia engine position it among the few Indian private companies to have independently built and successfully test-fired a semi-cryogenic engine on 15th August 2023, without any external funding. By combining best practices from automotive manufacturing with 3D printing, Astrophel reduces production time and cost by up to 40%, making it potentially one of the most accessible launch providers in the segment.

The company has developed in-house capabilities across throttleable engine valves, regenerative nozzle design, cryogenic subsystems, and real-time avionics software. Astrophel is planning full orbital missions from Indian launchpads utilising reusable launchers to capitalise on the potential of India's space industry, projected to reach USD 44 billion by 2033. It is supported by a distinguished advisory board of propulsion experts with experience working at ISRO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and DRDO. Together, they bring technical oversight and strategic depth to Astrophel’s mission to democratise space access.

About Suyash Bafna

Suyash Bafna is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace, playing a key role in systems integration, operations, and strategic execution. With a background in mechanical engineering, Suyash bridges the gap between propulsion, avionics, and structural design, ensuring that Astrophel’s launch systems are optimised for performance and reliability. He has been instrumental in coordinating subsystem development for the Astra C1 vehicle and managing timelines for the company’s upcoming suborbital launch. His focus on mission-readiness, testing protocols, and cross-functional collaboration has helped streamline development despite limited resources.

At Astrophel, Suyash also oversees external partnerships and vendor alignments, working to reduce costs while maintaining technical integrity. Passionate about building indigenous space capabilities, he is committed to enabling affordable access to space for small satellite operators. His systems-driven leadership contributes significantly to Astrophel’s goal of becoming India’s most cost-effective and agile launch provider.

About Immanuel Louis

Immanuel Louis is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace. An aerospace engineer by training and a lifelong aviation enthusiast, Immanuel holds a master’s degree from MIT Chennai. His journey began with building remote-control aircraft as a child and evolved into co-building one of India’s most affordable semi-cryogenic rocket engines. At Astrophel, he spearheads propulsion system design, engineering integration, and business strategy. He is committed to building India’s next-gen launch infrastructure and fostering a new wave of aerospace talent. His passion lies in combining indigenous innovation with global best practices to position Astrophel as an upcoming leader in the small satellite launch segment.

About MD Taj Baba, Founding Member & Head of Aero Thermal Engineering

MD Taj Baba is a founding member of Astrophel Aerospace and currently leads aero-thermal engineering initiatives with a dedicated focus on liquid propulsion and rocket nozzle systems. With a Bachelor’s in Aeronautical Engineering from AeSI, New Delhi, and a Master’s in Thermal Engineering from Osmania University, Taj brings crucial expertise in thermodynamic analysis, engine heat transfer, and high-performance thermal system design. While instrumental in shaping Astrophel’s early vision and direction as a Co-Founder, Taj is now transitioning away from operational leadership to focus full-time on technical development within the propulsion team.

At Astrophel, he has played a pivotal role in the design and validation of critical cryogenic engine components, control valves, and regenerative cooling systems. An Associate Member of the Aeronautical Society of India and a mentor to aspiring aerospace engineers, Taj remains deeply committed to advancing indigenous semi-cryogenic propulsion technologies and scaling India’s capabilities in the global space sector.

Astrophel Aerospace Raises INR 6.84 Cr to Build Reusable Rocket Engine

• Astrophel Aerospace is one of only a few startups to successfully test-fire a semi-cryogenic engine, securing INR 6.84 Crore (USD 800,000).
• Funding will be deployed to develop a prototype of a reusable semi-cryogenic launch vehicle and scale its in-house R&D to develop missile-grade guidance systems.
• Backed by policy tailwinds and ISRO tie-ins, the Pune-based deep tech aerospace startup is building propulsion infrastructure for the growing small satellite economy.

Astrophel Aerospace, a Pune-based deep-tech space startup, has raised INR 6.84 Crore (USD 800,000) in a pre-seed funding round led by a consortium of individuals and angel venture firms. The funds will be deployed to develop a reusable semi-cryogenic launch vehicle, scale its in-house R&D to develop missile-grade guidance systems and components. The company anticipates having a working, reusable prototype ready for testing within the next 24 to 36 months. 

The funding has been raised on the cusp of the landmark Gaganyaan, Axiom-4, and Space Activities Bill, poised to open the floodgates for private innovation in space technologies. Astrophel Aerospace is one of only a handful of indigenous private startups to have successfully test-fired a semi-cryogenic engine. The milestone was achieved by spending a mere INR 6 Lakh (USD 7,000) and zero external funding before the current round. 

Astrophel Aerospace is leveraging a modular, systems-first approach inspired by auto manufacturing best practices to build its Potentia C1U engine. It has also signed an MoU with ISRO for collaborative R&D and testing campaigns. India’s space economy is expected to grow from USD 8.4 billion in 2022 to USD 44 billion by 2033, with over 8,500 small satellites forecast to be launched globally within this decade, as per IN-SPACe.

Suyash Bafna, Co-founder, Astrophel Aerospace, said,

We believe that India’s private space sector is ready to tackle high-complexity, deep-tech challenges in aerospace. We're building reusable systems and precision components that reduce costs and will usher in a new age of space access for India.

Astrophel Aerospace is also collaborating with a listed Indian manufacturer to co-produce cryogenic valves, with dual-use potential in both commercial and defence applications. India’s space startup ecosystem is gaining exponential momentum, backed by favourable policy reforms.

"Reusable rockets, turbopump-fed engines and missile-grade guidance systems are among some of the toughest challenges in aerospace today," said Immanuel Louis, Co-founder, Astrophel Aerospace. "The funding will enable us to deep-dive into development while staying lean and execution-focused," he added.

With its first suborbital launch on the horizon, Astrophel Aerospace is positioning itself as India’s next propulsion and launch infrastructure company, built from the ground up to serve India’s ambitious space aspirations.

About Astrophel Aerospace

Astrophel Aerospace is an Indian deep tech space startup developing affordable, dedicated launch vehicles for small satellites, powered by semi-cryogenic propulsion systems. Its flagship Astra C1 series and Potentia engine position it among the few Indian private companies to have independently built and successfully test-fired a semi-cryogenic engine in August 2023, without any external funding. By combining best practices from automotive manufacturing with 3D printing,

Astrophel reduces production time and cost by up to 40%, making it potentially one of the most accessible launch providers in the segment. The company has developed in-house capabilities across throttleable engine valves, regenerative nozzle design, cryogenic subsystems, and real-time avionics software. Astrophel is planning full orbital missions from Indian launchpads utilising reusable launchers to capitalise on the potential of India's space industry, projected to reach USD 44 billion by 2033. It is supported by a distinguished advisory board, consisting of propulsion experts with experience working at ISRO, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and DRDO. Together, they bring technical oversight and strategic depth to Astrophel’s mission to democratise space access. 

About Suyash Bafna

Suyash Bafna is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace, playing a key role in systems integration, operations, and strategic execution. With a background in mechanical engineering, Suyash bridges the gap between propulsion, avionics, and structural design, ensuring that Astrophel’s launch systems are optimised for performance and reliability. He has been instrumental in coordinating subsystem development for the Astra C1 vehicle and managing timelines for the company’s upcoming suborbital launch. His focus on mission-readiness, testing protocols, and cross-functional collaboration has helped streamline development despite limited resources.

At Astrophel, Suyash also oversees external partnerships and vendor alignments, working to reduce costs while maintaining technical integrity. Passionate about building indigenous space capabilities, he is committed to enabling affordable access to space for small satellite operators. His systems-driven leadership contributes significantly to Astrophel’s goal of becoming India’s most cost-effective and agile launch provider.

About Immanuel Louis

Immanuel Louis is the Co-Founder of Astrophel Aerospace. An aerospace engineer by training and a lifelong aviation enthusiast, Immanuel holds a master’s degree from MIT Chennai. His journey began with building remote-control aircraft as a child and evolved into co-building one of India’s most affordable semi cryogenic rocket engines. At Astrophel, he spearheads propulsion system design, engineering integration, and business strategy. He is committed to building India’s next-gen launch infrastructure and fostering a new wave of aerospace talent. His passion lies in combining indigenous innovation with global best practices to position Astrophel as an upcoming leader in the small satellite launch segment.

About MD Taj Baba, Founding Member & Head of Aero Thermal Engineering

MD Taj Baba is a founding member of Astrophel Aerospace and currently leads aero-thermal engineering initiatives with a dedicated focus on liquid propulsion and rocket nozzle systems. With a Bachelor’s in Aeronautical Engineering from AeSI, New Delhi, and a Master’s in Thermal Engineering from Osmania University, Taj brings deep expertise in thermodynamic analysis, engine heat transfer, and high-performance thermal system design. While instrumental in shaping Astrophel’s early vision and direction as a Co-Founder, Taj is now transitioning away from operational leadership to focus full-time on technical development within the propulsion team. At Astrophel, he has played a pivotal role in the design and validation of critical cryogenic engine components, control valves, and regenerative cooling systems. An Associate Member of the Aeronautical Society of India and a mentor to aspiring aerospace engineers, Taj remains deeply committed to advancing indigenous semi cryogenic propulsion technologies and scaling India’s capabilities in the global space sector.

IISc-incubated Startup SpaceFields Hot-Tests India's 1st AeroSpike Rocket Engine

The Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc) -incubated startup, SpaceFields, has successfully conducted a hot-fire test of India's first AeroSpike Rocket Engine. This test took place at their Propulsion Test Facility in Challakere, Karnataka.

The AeroSpike Rocket Engine has several advantages over traditional bell-shaped rocket engines. This design can potentially reduce fuel consumption, making launches more cost-effective.

Notably, AeroSpike engines are well-suited for reusable launch vehicles and missions that require multiple stages.

AeroSpike engines maintain efficiency across a wide range of altitudes by adjusting the exhaust flow, unlike traditional engines which are optimized for a specific altitude.

Overall, AeroSpike engines offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency and performance, they also come with challenges related to complexity and initial cost. The successful test by SpaceFields is a promising step towards overcoming these challenges and making AeroSpike engines a viable option for future space missions.

@Space_Fields, an @iiscbangalore-incubated startup has successfully fired India's first aerospike rocket engine.

Aerospike engines are unique because they adjust to different altitudes, maintaining efficiency regardless of atmospheric pressure 🚀 pic.twitter.com/Uz4SUHuYT6

— Sibu Tripathi 🪂 (@imsktripathi) September 11, 2024

Here are some key highlights:

Peak Thrust: The engine achieved a peak thrust of 2000 Newtons.

Material: The engine is made from Titanium grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V), known for its excellent strength-to-weight ratio.

Thermal Insulation: A patent-pending GFRP-based ablative thermal insulation was used to protect the aerospike’s surface, capable of withstanding temperatures up to 3000K. 

Altitude Compensation: The AeroSpike design offers altitude compensation, making it more efficient across various pressure regimes.

This development marks a significant milestone in India's space technology, potentially leading to more efficient and cost-effective space launch systems in the future.

About SpaceFields, it is a spacetech startup based in Bengaluru, India, founded in 2021 by Apurwa Masook, Sudarshan Samal, and Rounak Agrawal. The company focuses on developing dual-use rocket propulsion systems for both commercial spaceflight and national security applications.

Incubated at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, and supported by the governments of India, Karnataka, and Odisha, SpaceFields has also filed six patents on in-house developed technologies.

The Space Technology startup has raised $800,000 in a seed round led by HVB 88 Angels and O2 Angels Network.

SpaceFields aims to minimize barriers to entry for emerging small satellites and enable broader access to space. They have also collaborated with organizations like the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Boeing’s Rockets Are Built with Inexperienced and Untrained Workforce, Reports NASA's Inspector General

A recent report has highlighted significant issues with Boeing's workforce involved in rocket production. The report, issued by NASA's inspector general, points out that Boeing's quality control practices at the Michoud Assembly Facility in Louisiana are lacking. This is largely due to the workforce having insufficient aerospace production experience.

The lack of a qualified workforce has led to numerous "Corrective Action Requests" and has caused delays and increased costs for the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket program. For instance, unsatisfactory welding operations resulted in propellant tanks that did not meet specifications, causing a seven-month delay.

These findings are concerning, especially given the importance of the SLS rocket for NASA's Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon.

The Space Launch System (SLS) is NASA's super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed for deep space exploration. It is a key component of NASA's Artemis program, which aims to return humans to the Moon and eventually send astronauts to Mars.

The audit was performed, by the NASA Inspector General, because the SLS’s new upper stage — the Exploration Upper Stage (EUS)— is a critical component of the SLS upgrade, which is being done by the Boeing Company.

Once completed, the EUS will give the SLS a 40% upgrade in capability to send the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle capsule and large cargos to the Moon, from 27 metric tons under Block 1—the SLS rocket’s first iteration—to 38 metric tons with Block 1B.

According to Safety and Mission Assurance officials at NASA and DCMA officials at Michoud, Boeing’s quality control issues are largely caused by its workforce having insufficient aerospace production experience," the report states. "The lack of a trained and qualified workforce increases the risk that the contractor will continue to manufacture parts and components that do not adhere to NASA requirements and industry standards."

This lack of a qualified workforce has resulted in significant program delays and increased costs. According to the new report, "unsatisfactory" welding operations resulted in propellant tanks that did not meet specifications, which directly led to a seven-month delay in the program.

Notably, SLS is the only rocket capable of sending the Orion spacecraft, astronauts, and large cargo directly to the Moon in a single mission. The rocket has multiple configurations, with the initial Block 1 capable of lifting 95 metric tons to low Earth orbit (LEO) and future versions (Block 1B and Block 2) designed to carry even heavier payloads.

The SLS will support various missions, including crewed lunar landings, deep space exploration, and potentially missions to Mars.

The SLS represents a significant advancement in space exploration technology, combining power, versatility, and the capability to support long-duration missions beyond Earth's orbit.

NASA Inspector general's report has projected that SLS Block 1B costs will reach approximately $5.7 billion before the system is scheduled to launch in 2028. This is $700 million more than NASA’s 2023 Agency Baseline Commitment, which established a cost and schedule baseline at nearly $5 billion.

EUS development accounts for more than half of this cost, which the report estimates will increase from an initial cost of $962 million in 2017 to nearly $2.8 billion through 2028. Boeing’s delivery of the EUS to NASA has also been delayed from February 2021 to April 2027, and when combined with other factors, suggests the September 2028 Artemis IV launch date could be delayed as well.