Rolls-Royce Powers India’s Next Leap with MRO, Jet Engines, and Nuclear Ambitions

Rolls-Royce is preparing a major expansion in India with plans to establish a local Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) facility for civil aviation engines and a full aero gas turbine complex with complete technology transfer for indigenous military jet engines, including the AMCA program. The company is also exploring small modular reactors (SMRs) for India’s civil nuclear sector, potentially investing billions and creating over 10,000 jobs.

Civil Aviation MRO Facility

• Current Status: Indian aircraft engines are serviced in Singapore and Hong Kong.
• Future Plan: Rolls-Royce will set up a domestic MRO hub to support India’s growing fleet.
• Drivers:
  • Air India & IndiGo have ordered 100+ Airbus A350s, powered exclusively by Rolls-Royce engines.
  • Over 220 engines and spares expected in India in the next few years.

Aero Gas Turbine Complex

• Scope: Indigenous development of military jet engines, starting with the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).
• Technology Transfer: Rolls-Royce has offered complete IP transfer, ensuring Indian sovereignty over engine design.
• Timeline:
  • Ground trials: Targeted by 2032
  • First flight: Expected by 2034
• Expansion: Facility may later support dual-use engines for civil aviation.

Nuclear Energy – Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

• Policy Context: Enabled by India’s Shanti Act 2025, which ended public sector monopoly in nuclear energy.
• Rolls-Royce Interest: Exploring deployment of SMRs for clean, scalable civil nuclear power.

Strategic Impact

Initiative	Focus Area	Timeline/Scale	Impact
Civil MRO	Aircraft engine servicing	Within next few years	Reduces reliance on overseas hubs
Gas Turbine Complex	Military jet engines (AMCA)	Trials by 2032, flight by 2034	Indigenous propulsion capability
SMRs	Civil nuclear energy	Post-2025	Clean energy, billions in investment

Risks & Challenges

• Capital Intensive: Requires sustained R&D and infrastructure investment.
• Global Competition: Competing with established aerospace giants in US/EU.
• Supply Chain Dependence: India must strengthen domestic ecosystem to reduce reliance on imported sub-systems.

Strategic Positioning

• Rolls-Royce sees India as its fourth “home market” after UK, US, and Germany.
• Longstanding partnerships with HAL and Force Motors already anchor its presence.
• Potential to employ 10,000+ people and invest billions of dollars in India’s aerospace and energy sectors.

India Takes Charge of Nuclear Tech Cooperation in Asia-Pacific

India has formally assumed the Chairmanship of the Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) for 2026, marking a major milestone in its leadership on peaceful nuclear cooperation across Asia-Pacific. The announcement was made during the 48th Meeting of National Representatives (NRM) held in Navi Mumbai from May 19–22, 2026.

What is the RCA?

• Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA): Established in 1972 under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
• Membership: 22 Asia-Pacific nations.
• Purpose: Promote cooperative research, training, and development in the peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology.

India’s Role in 2026

• Chairmanship: India assumed the RCA Chair for 2026 during the 48th NRM in Navi Mumbai.
• Host: Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India.
• Delegates: 29 representatives from 17 Asia-Pacific nations, plus 3 delegates from AFRA.
• Themes Highlighted:
  • Healthcare: Nuclear medicine, cancer care, radiotherapy.
  • Agriculture & Food Security: Mutation breeding, food preservation.
  • Water Management: Nuclear desalination, purification technologies.
  • Environmental Sustainability: Radiation technologies for waste management and isotope hydrology.

Key Significance

• Scientific Diplomacy: Reinforces India’s positioning as a technology-driven partner for the Global South.
• Track Record: India has decades of experience in peaceful nuclear applications, from healthcare to industrial development.
• Strategic Outreach: Strengthens India’s regional ties in Asia-Pacific and builds bridges with Africa through AFRA participation.

Event Details

• 48th NRM Dates: May 19–22, 2026.
• Location: Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Special Activities: Technical exhibition and guided tours at ACTREC, showcasing India’s nuclear-enabled healthcare innovations.

Quick Comparison: RCA Focus Areas

Sector	India’s Contributions	Regional Impact
Healthcare	Nuclear medicine, radiotherapy	Improved cancer care capacity
Agriculture	Mutation breeding, food preservation	Food security & sustainability
Water Management	Nuclear desalination, purification	Safe drinking water access
Environment	Radiation for waste & hydrology	Cleaner cities, better monitoring

Enlit Africa 2026 Puts Nuclear Delivery at the Centre of Energy Transition

• Enlit Africa 2026 to spotlight Africa’s nuclear execution pathway, from Koeberg life extension to new build readiness
• As countries and utilities balance energy security, affordability and decarbonisation goals, nuclear is increasingly being evaluated through the lens of implementation: life extension, supply chain capability, regulatory readiness, skills and grid integration

Enlit Africa has announced dedicated nuclear-focused content within its 2026 conference programme, positioning nuclear not as a theoretical debate but as an execution topic centred on addressing delivery constraints, readiness and real-world decision-making. The event takes place on 19–21 May 2026 at the Cape Town International Convention Centre in Cape Town, South Africa.

As countries and utilities balance energy security, affordability and decarbonisation goals, nuclear is increasingly being evaluated through the lens of implementation: life extension, supply chain capability, regulatory readiness, skills and grid integration. Enlit Africa’s nuclear programme coverage is designed to bring together utilities, regulators, policymakers, technology providers and financing stakeholders to engage on these practical enablers.

Nuclear programme coverage will include:

• Koeberg life extension as an execution case study: lessons on planning, delivery and operational readiness for life extension programmes
• New build readiness and procurement realities: a focus on the governance, sequencing and decision frameworks required to move from intention to delivery
• Grid integration and system planning: discussions on how nuclear fits within wider system reliability, transmission planning and long-term capacity strategies
• Supply chain, localisation and skills: what it takes to build durable delivery capability beyond individual projects

“The conversation is shifting from whether nuclear is part of the mix to what it would take to deliver it responsibly and successfully,” said Claire Volkwyn, Head of Content, Power, Energy and Water, VUKA Group. “We are structuring this content around execution: readiness, regulation, supply chain, skills and system integration.”

Enlit Africa, created by VUKA Group, forms part of a broader delivery-focused agenda spanning power and water infrastructure. The full programme is available online.

Download the full programme: https://apo-opa.co/4tTRDYB

Register: https://apo-opa.co/4nggi77
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of VUKA Group.

About Enlit Africa:

Enlit Africa convenes stakeholders across the power sector value chain to address the commercial and operational realities of delivery, bringing together leaders across finance, utilities, government, industry and technology to accelerate bankable investment, system readiness and measurable outcomes. https://apo-opa.co/4de7o5q

About VUKA Group:

VUKA Group connects people and organisations across Africa’s energy, mining, mobility, green economy, and retail sectors through events, content, and strategic networking. Venture partners to The Global Trust Project and leaders of NPO Go Green Africa. www.WeAreVUKA.com

SOURCE
VUKA Group

Dr Jitendra Singh: PFBR Launch Places India in Elite Nuclear League

India has achieved a historic milestone with the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu attaining first criticality on April 6, 2026, making it the second country after Russia to operate a commercial-level fast breeder reactor. This marks the beginning of Stage II of India’s three-stage nuclear programme and positions the nation at the forefront of advanced nuclear technology.

Key Highlights

• Event Date: April 6, 2026, at 8:25 PM
• Location: Kalpakkam Nuclear Complex, Tamil Nadu
• Capacity: 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)
• Developed by: Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
• Built by: Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI)
• Global Position: India becomes the second country after Russia to operate a commercial fast breeder reactor

Significance in India’s Nuclear Programme

• Three-Stage Strategy:
  • Stage I: Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) using natural uranium
  • Stage II: Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) using plutonium from Stage I fuel. PFBR marks India’s entry here
  • Stage III: Thorium-based reactors, leveraging India’s vast thorium reserves
• Fuel Efficiency: PFBR uses uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel and produces more fuel than it consumes
• Future Thorium Utilisation: Designed to convert Thorium-232 into Uranium-233, enabling large-scale thorium deployment

Government Statements

• Dr Jitendra Singh (Union Minister): Highlighted India’s distinguished position in advanced nuclear capability and emphasized nuclear energy’s role in achieving 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047 and supporting Net Zero by 2070
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi: Called the PFBR’s criticality a “historic milestone” in his Mann Ki Baat address, praising scientists for advancing indigenous nuclear technology

Strategic Impact

Impact Area	Details
Energy Security	Enhances India’s ability to generate clean, reliable power
Global Standing	Places India alongside Russia in operating commercial fast breeder reactors
Clean Energy Transition	Supports AI, data infrastructure, and advanced manufacturing sectors with dependable power
Policy Support	Initiatives like SMRs and SHANTI Act enable private sector participation; five SMRs planned by 2033

Conclusion

India’s PFBR milestone is not just a technological achievement but a strategic leap toward energy independence and sustainability. By bridging uranium scarcity with thorium abundance, India is laying the foundation for a future-ready nuclear ecosystem that will power its clean energy transition and global leadership in advanced nuclear technology.

India Achieves Breakthrough: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Reaches Ist Criticality, Joining Russia as Global Pioneer in Advanced Nuclear Energy

India has achieved a historic milestone in nuclear energy: the indigenously built 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, attained first criticality on April 6, 2026. This marks India’s entry into Stage II of its three-stage nuclear programme, making it only the second country after Russia to operate a commercial fast breeder reactor.

Understanding Criticality

Criticality is the point at which a sustained and controlled nuclear fission chain reaction begins. At this stage, neutrons produced by fission equal those lost through absorption and leakage, resulting in a stable power output. It marks the transition from the construction phase to the operational phase and is the essential first step towards generating heat and, ultimately, electricity.

Notably, India holds limited uranium reserves but one of the largest thorium reserves in the world. To make the most of these resources, the Department of Atomic Energy designed a three-stage nuclear power programme built on a closed nuclear fuel cycle. The goal is to progressively multiply domestic fissile resources and secure long-term energy independence.

Key Highlights of Criticality

• Date & Location: April 6, 2026, Kalpakkam Nuclear Complex, Tamil Nadu
• Capacity: 500 MWe PFBR, designed by IGCAR and built by BHAVINI
• Significance: Marks the start of a sustained nuclear chain reaction (“first criticality”)
• Global Context: India joins Russia as the only nations with operational commercial fast breeder reactors

India’s Three-Stage Nuclear Programme

Stage	Technology	Fuel	Purpose
Stage 1	Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)	Natural uranium	Produces plutonium for Stage 2
Stage 2	Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs)	Plutonium + MOX fuel	Breeds more fuel than consumed; prepares Uranium-233 from thorium
Stage 3	Thorium-Based Reactors	Uranium-233 bred from thorium	Harnesses India’s abundant thorium reserves for long-term energy independence

The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, is India’s flagship project in advanced nuclear technology. Construction began in 2004, and after years of design, testing, and regulatory clearances, the 500 MWe sodium-cooled reactor achieved first criticality on April 6, 2026, marking India’s formal entry into Stage II of its three-stage nuclear programme.

PFBR Origins, History & Technology Overview

Origins and Development

• Conceptualization: Conceived as part of Dr. Homi Bhabha’s three-stage nuclear vision to maximize India’s limited uranium and vast thorium reserves
• Design: Developed by the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), using liquid sodium coolant and Uranium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel
• Construction: Initiated in 2004 at the Kalpakkam Nuclear Complex, near Chennai
• Ownership: Managed by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), under the Department of Atomic Energy
• Cost: Estimated at ₹5,850 crore (about US$2.5 billion in 2023 terms)

Key Milestones

• 2004: Groundbreaking and start of construction
• 2010s: Multiple delays due to technical challenges, safety reviews, and component testing
• December 2025: Commissioning planned after Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) clearance
• April 6, 2026: Reactor achieved first criticality, establishing a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction

Technical Features

• Type: Sodium-cooled, pool-type fast breeder reactor
• Capacity: 500 MWe (electrical output)
• Fuel Cycle: Uses plutonium from spent PHWR fuel; breeds more fissile material (Plutonium-239, Uranium-233) than it consumes
• Strategic Role: Designed to bridge Stage I (uranium-based PHWRs) and Stage III (thorium-based reactors)

Strategic Importance

• Global Standing: India becomes only the second country after Russia to operate a commercial fast breeder reactor
• Energy Security: Supports India’s long-term goal of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047 and net zero emissions by 2070
• Innovation: Demonstrates indigenous capability in advanced reactor design, positioning India as a leader in thorium-based nuclear energy

Challenges and Criticism

• Safety Concerns: Sodium coolant poses fire risks; breeder reactors are complex and costly
• Delays: Project faced repeated postponements, with commissioning delayed by over a decade
• Political Debate: Some leaders have urged reconsideration of the project citing safety and economics

Why India Must Scale Nuclear Power – India's energy demands are growing rapidly and its clean energy commitments are firm. Nuclear power is a base load source of electricity available round the clock, with lifecycle emissions comparable to renewables such as hydro and wind. It is uniquely placed to meet the always-on power needs of data centres, advanced industries, and emerging technologies. Scaling nuclear capacity is therefore not just a strategic choice but a practical necessity for India's long-term energy security and clean power transition.

India’s Nuclear Roadmap

• Current Capacity: 8.78 GW, ~3% of national electricity
• Planned Expansion: Target of 22.38 GW by 2031–32
• Long-Term Mission: 100 GW by 2047, backed by ₹20,000 crore investment in SMRs
• Policy Support: SHANTI Act, 2025 modernises India’s nuclear framework

Conclusion

The PFBR’s first criticality is not just a technological feat—it is a turning point in India’s energy journey. It validates decades of indigenous research, strengthens India’s global standing in advanced nuclear technology, and sets the stage for thorium-based reactors that could secure long-term energy independence.

India’s SHANTI Act Aligns Nuclear Liability with Global Regime, Authorizes Private Sector Entry into Atomic Energy

India’s Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act, 2025 marks a historic shift in nuclear energy policy by allowing private sector participation, modernizing liability rules, and aligning India’s framework with international conventions. While it promises to boost nuclear capacity to 100 GW by 2047, experts warn of gaps in supplier liability and waste management that need urgent attention.

Key Highlights of the SHANTI Act, 2025

• Private Sector Entry: Private companies can set up nuclear facilities or engage in nuclear energy activities under licenses from the Central Government and safety authorization from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).
• Civil Liability Framework:
  • Operator liability ranges from ₹100 crore to ₹3,000 crore, depending on facility type.
  • Strict no-fault liability ensures prompt compensation by operators.
  • Government liability capped at 300 million SDR (~₹3,000 crore).
  • Beyond this, India can access funds under the Convention on Supplementary Compensation (CSC).
• Regulatory Oversight: AERB enforces safety standards, conducts inspections, and mandates corrective measures for deviations.
• Incident Reporting: Licensees must report nuclear incidents, and AERB must recommend government notification within 15 days.

Strategic Goals

• Energy Transition: India aims to raise nuclear power’s share from 6% to 20% of the energy mix, targeting 100 GW capacity by 2047.
• Clean Energy Push: Nuclear energy is positioned as a critical pillar in India’s decarbonization strategy, complementing renewables.
• Global Alignment: Liability provisions are harmonized with international norms, strengthening India’s credibility in nuclear commerce.

Concerns & Criticisms

• Supplier Liability Gap: The Act does not explicitly provide operators the “right to recourse” against suppliers for faulty equipment, raising accountability concerns.
• Waste Management: Calls for a robust radioactive waste policy before licensing private firms.
• Transparency: Demands for third-party audits of reactor suppliers and public disclosure of inspection results.

International Dimension

• India–US Collaboration: The Act has opened doors for deeper civil nuclear cooperation with the US, accelerating technology transfer and investment.
• Global Nuclear Market: By aligning liability norms with CSC, India strengthens its position as a reliable partner in international nuclear projects.

Conclusion

The SHANTI Act, 2025 is a transformative milestone in India’s nuclear journey—balancing private participation, safety, and liability. However, supplier accountability and waste management remain unresolved challenges. Addressing these will be crucial for building public trust and ensuring that nuclear energy becomes a safe, sustainable backbone of India’s energy future.

New Uranium Mines and Fuel Plants to Strengthen India’s Nuclear Energy Program

The Government of India has announced a series of initiatives to boost indigenous uranium mining, nuclear fuel fabrication, and recycling facilities, marking a significant step toward self-reliance in nuclear energy under the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047.

The Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (UCIL), a Public Sector Undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), is spearheading new mining projects. Plans include establishing a mine and mill with a capacity of 2,500 tonnes per day (TPD) at Rohil in Rajasthan’s Sikar district and another at the Jajwal Uranium Project in Chhattisgarh. Both projects are currently progressing through statutory clearances.

Parallelly, the Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), also under the DAE, continues to expand its fuel assembly fabrication capacity. NFC supplies uranium-based fuel to Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), which operates Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). The expansion aligns with NPCIL’s reactor deployment program, ensuring steady domestic fuel supply.

In the domain of recycling and waste management, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the Nuclear Recycle Board (NRB) are constructing large-scale integrated nuclear recycle facilities. The Integrated Nuclear Recycle Plant (INRP) at Tarapur and the Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF) at Kalpakkam will handle spent fuel from domestic reactors and fabricate mixed oxide (MOx) fuels for fast breeder reactors.

According to Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, these initiatives will enhance India’s indigenous capacity for uranium mining, fuel fabrication, and nuclear waste management. The commissioning of new facilities is expected to ensure continuous availability of fuel for PHWRs and fast reactors, strengthening India’s long-term nuclear energy program.

This information was given by Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, and Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr. Jitendra Singh, in a written reply in the Lok Sabha on Wednesday.

India, Canada Seal $1.9B Uranium Pact to Power Nuclear Future

India and Canada have just struck a landmark $1.9 billion uranium supply agreement, marking a major step in strengthening their energy and strategic ties. Here are the key highlights:

• Parties involved: India and Canadian firm Cameco Corp.
• Value: $1.9 billion (C$2.6 billion)
• Supply terms: 22 million pounds of uranium to India between 2027 and 2035
• Purpose: Fuel India’s nuclear energy program, boosting its clean energy capacity

Strategic Significance 

• Energy security: Ensures a stable uranium supply for India’s expanding nuclear power sector
• Broader cooperation: Canada will also provide LPG under its first long-term arrangement with India
• Defense & minerals: Establishment of an India-Canada Defence Dialogue and pacts on critical minerals
• Economic vision: Target of $50 billion in bilateral trade by 2030 and CEPA conclusion by end-2026

Diplomatic context:

This deal represents a turnaround in relations after tensions in 2023, when ties soured over allegations surrounding the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar. The uranium pact is being hailed as an “important milestone” in rebuilding trust and deepening cooperation.

Cameco Corporation: Company Overview

• Headquarters: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
• Founded: 1988 (formerly Canadian Mining and Energy Corporation)
• Industry: Mining & Energy
• Ticker: TSX: CCO, NYSE: CCJ
• Employees: ~2,600 (2023)

• Core Business: One of the world’s largest publicly traded uranium companies
• Operations: Exploration, mining, refining, conversion, and fabrication of uranium
• Global Share: Accounts for a significant portion of global uranium production

• Strategic Position: High-grade reserves and low-cost operations
• Investments: Stakes in Westinghouse Electric Company and Global Laser Enrichment
• Supply Reach: Provides nuclear fuel solutions to utilities worldwide.

• Leadership: CEO Tim Gitzel (since 2011), Board Chair Catherine Gignac
• Notable Facts: One of Canada’s largest employers of Indigenous people
• Revenue: CA$ 1.475 billion (2021)
• Recent Highlight: $1.9B uranium supply deal with India

India’s Largest Indigenous Nuclear Plant Breaks Ground in Rajasthan Under PM Modi’s Leadership

Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will lay Foundation Stone for ASHVINI’s Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project - MBRAPP (4X700 MW) at Banswara on 25th Sept 2025. Located in Banswara district of Rajasthan, the project entails an investment of around Rs 42,000 crore.

Upon completion, this project will be one of the largest nuclear plants in the country supplying reliable base load energy and will strengthen India’s position in the environmental stewardship & evolving nuclear energy landscape.

MBRAPP comprises four indigenous 700 MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) with advanced safety features - also known as IPHWR 700 - designed and developed by NPCIL. The project is part of India’s broader “fleet mode” initiative, where ten identical 700 MW reactors are being built across India under uniform design and procurement plans. Three such reactors have been commissioned and Mahi Banswara is also part of the fleet. This approach promotes the spirit of Atmanirbhar Bharat and brings in cost efficiencies, faster deployment, and consolidated operational expertise.

MBRAPP is being developed by Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam Ltd (ASHVINI)— with joint participation of NPCIL (51%) and NTPC (49%) pooling the financial, technological, and project expertise of both companies.

MBRAPP will supply clean, affordable and reliable power to Rajasthan and other beneficiaries. This will create direct & indirect employment opportunities and will support local communities, businesses, and industries, supporting the economic growth and prosperity in the state and the country.

On this occasion, Hon’ble Prime Minister will also inaugurate RSDCL Nokh Solar Park (925 MW) at Phalodi, Rajasthan in which NTPC is developing 735 MW. This RE project will significantly contribute to India’s clean energy capacity, generating substantial amounts of green power while avoiding millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions every year. In addition to strengthening energy security, they will also spur economic growth by creating thousands of direct and indirect employment opportunities.

L&T Ships First Steam Generator for Haryana Nuclear Power Plant Ahead of Schedule, Boosting India’s Nuclear Energy Drive

Marking yet another milestone in India’s civil nuclear energy programme, L&T Heavy Engineering has despatched a Steam Generator to the Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP), located in Fatehabad district, Haryana.

The Steam Generator was ceremonially flagged off from L&T’s state-of-the-art manufacturing facility at Hazira in Gujarat, in the presence of NPCIL Chairman & Managing Director Mr Bhuwan Chandra Pathak, Director (Technical) Mr Rajesh Veeraraghavan along with other senior officials of NPCIL and L&T.

This is first of the four Steam Generators that L&T is manufacturing for GHAVP and is meant for its Unit 3 & 4. Notably, the Steam Generator has been despatched seven months ahead of schedule, reinforcing L&T’s reputation for excellence and reliability in nuclear manufacturing.

GHAVP 3&4 are a part of the ten indigenous 700 MWe Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) being set up in the country in fleet mode by NPCIL.

Speaking at the flag-off ceremony, NPCIL CMD Mr Pathak said:

With a remarkable technology transformation, L&T Heavy Engineering has enhanced both speed and quality of its execution. This is a strong indication of industry preparedness in manufacturing of critical equipment for nuclear power plants and will go a long way to achieve the target of 100 GWe by 2047

Mr Anil V Parab, Whole-time Director and Senior EVP (Heavy Engineering and Construction Equipment & Industrial Product Design Development, L&T) said: “Heavy Engineering continues to be the industry trendsetter in the manufacture of critical nuclear components. With end-to-end capability as one-stop-shop solution provider, L&T will be a major contributor to India’s 100 GWe nuclear programme of Viksit Bharat - 2047”.

L&T set a global benchmark by delivering a Steam Generator in just 33 months. L&T has till date delivered 5 steam generators for the 10 X 700 MWe fleet programme.

Background:

Larsen & Toubro is a USD 30 billion Indian multinational engaged in EPC Projects, Hi-Tech Manufacturing, and Services, operating across multiple geographies. A strong, customer–focussed approach and the constant quest for top-class quality have enabled L&T to attain and sustain leadership in its major lines of business for eight decades.

In A Historic Shift, India Opens Uranium Mining to Private Sector

India is poised to make a historic shift in its nuclear energy strategy by allowing private firms to mine, import, and process uranium—ending a decades-old state monopoly, said a report by Reuters.

Key Highlights of the Policy Shift

• Private Sector Entry: Companies can now mine, import, and supply control systems for nuclear plants.
• State Retains Core Control: Government will manage spent fuel reprocessing and plutonium waste.
• Timeline: Policy expected to be announced in FY26.

Nuclear Expansion Goals

Metric	Current Status	2047 Target
Nuclear Power Capacity	8.8 GW	100 GW
Share of Electricity from Nuclear	~2%	5%
Uranium Demand Coverage (Domestic)	~25%	Remainder to be imported

Implications for Industry & Investment

• Legal Overhaul: Amendments needed in mining, electricity, and FDI laws.
• Foreign Participation: Minority stakes in nuclear plants to be allowed.
• Corporate Interest: Indian conglomerates preparing investment plans.

Global Context

Countries like Canada, South Africa, and the United States already allow private firms to mine and process uranium, offering international precedents for India’s move.

This shift is part of Prime Minister Modi’s broader Viksit Bharat 2047 vision, aiming to make nuclear energy a cornerstone of India’s clean energy and energy security strategy.

India's Nuclear Fuel Complex: 52 Years Since Its First Nuclear Fuel Bundle

A Legacy of Innovation Established in April 1971 , the Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) in Hyderabad has been a cornerstone of India's nuclear energy program. It was conceived as a pivotal industrial arm of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) to ensure self-reliance in nuclear fuel production—a vision championed by Dr. Homi Bhabha.

In June 1973 , NFC produced its first nuclear fuel bundle, marking a significant milestone in India's journey toward nuclear energy independence. At the time, Indira Gandhi was India's Prime Minister , and Raja Ramanna played a crucial role in India's nuclear advancements as a leading scientist within the Atomic Energy Commission. 

The Science Behind Nuclear Fuel

At the heart of NFC’s operations is the transformation of natural uranium —mined from Jaduguda, Jharkhand —into uranium dioxide (UO₂) pellets . These pellets, which undergo nuclear fission to generate energy, are encased in zirconium alloy tubes , ensuring containment of radioactive byproducts.

A 220 MW PHWR fuel bundle contains 15.2 kg of uranium dioxide , meticulously fabricated to withstand extreme conditions within nuclear reactors.

Manufacturing of Fuel Assemblies

NFC’s expertise extends beyond fuel production, supplying zircaloy-clad uranium oxide fuel assemblies and reactor core components to all 14 operating atomic power reactors in India.

Expanding India's Nuclear Capabilities

Over the decades, NFC has continuously expanded its production capacity. Initially designed to produce 250 tons of UO₂ per year, the Hyderabad facility is now scaling up to 600 tons annually to meet India's growing nuclear energy demands.

Beyond power generation, NFC plays a crucial role in defense and aerospace , supplying high-purity materials to the Indian Navy, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), and other strategic sectors

The Road Ahead

As India accelerates its nuclear energy ambitions, NFC is poised to establish two new fuel fabrication facilities , ensuring a steady supply of nuclear fuel for upcoming reactors.

A new facility of NFC at Kota, where fuel tube production is already underway, and is expected later this year, with full commissioning of all fuel modules. 

With its legacy of innovation and commitment to self-reliance, NFC remains a pillar of India's nuclear energy program , driving the nation toward a sustainable and energy-secure future. Would you like me to refine any sections further or add more historical context?

China Achieves Historic First: Refueling a Running Nuclear Reactor

• China Revives Abandoned U.S. Nuclear Tech to Achieve Energy Breakthrough
• China now has world's first operational thorium nuclear reactor

Chinese scientists have achieved a major breakthrough in nuclear energy by reviving old research from the United States. They built a unique reactor in the Gobi Desert that runs on thorium, a different and safer fuel compared to uranium.

Unlike traditional reactors, the Chinese scientists built one that produces less nuclear waste. The most impressive part of their achievement is that they managed to refill the reactor while it was still running, something no one had done before.

Chinese scientists have successfully refueled an experimental thorium molten salt reactor without shutting it down—an unprecedented breakthrough in nuclear energy.

This technology was originally developed in the U.S. in the 1950s, but it was abandoned, leaving the research publicly available. China picked up where the U.S. left off and successfully made it work. If this innovation can be scaled up, it could lead to cleaner and safer nuclear power, helping the world transition to better energy solutions with less pollution. This marks a significant step toward sustainable energy and reducing carbon emissions.

As mentioned above, thorium reactors were originally developed in the United States in the 1950s, but the U.S. shifted focus to uranium-based reactors, leaving this research publicly available. Chinese scientists capitalized on this abandoned knowledge, refining it into a working prototype.

Comic Timing

The timing of China’s nuclear breakthrough is almost poetic, given the ongoing tariff war with the U.S. Right now, Washington and Beijing are locked in a tense trade battle, with the U.S. imposing up to 145% tariffs on Chinese goods, while China retaliates with 125% tariffs on American imports.

Against this backdrop, China’s successful revival of abandoned U.S. nuclear research feels like a strategic flex. It’s as if Beijing is saying, “You may have left this behind, but we’ve turned it into a game-changer.” The fact that the U.S. originally developed thorium reactor technology in the 1950s, only to abandon it, makes this moment even more ironic.

While trade tensions escalate, China is making strides in energy independence, potentially reducing reliance on foreign fuel sources. If thorium reactors prove viable on a large scale, China could strengthen its energy security, making it less vulnerable to external pressures—including economic sanctions.

It’s an interesting mix of scientific progress and geopolitical maneuvering.

Nuclear Technology

This reactor can generate 2 megawatts (MW) of energy, enough to power around 2,000 households, and it significantly reduces nuclear waste compared to conventional uranium reactors. Given China’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2060, this breakthrough could play a crucial role in its clean energy transition.

China’s breakthrough in nuclear energy revolves around a thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR), a next-generation nuclear system that operates differently from traditional uranium-based reactors. Here are the key technical details:

• Fuel Source: Instead of solid uranium rods, this reactor uses liquid thorium dissolved in molten salt.
• Refueling Innovation: Scientists successfully refueled the reactor while it was still running, a feat never achieved before.
• Safety Features: The molten salt system prevents overheating, making meltdowns nearly impossible.
• Efficiency: Thorium reactors extract more energy per unit of fuel compared to uranium reactors.
• Waste Reduction: Produces minimal long-lived radioactive waste, unlike conventional nuclear reactors.
• Self-Regulating Mechanism: If the reactor overheats, the molten salt expands, automatically reducing nuclear reactions.
• Emergency Shutdown System: A freeze plug at the reactor’s base melts in emergencies, draining the fuel into a safe storage chamber to stop reactions instantly.
• Power Output: The experimental reactor generates 2 megawatts (MW) of thermal power, enough to supply around 2,000 households

This breakthrough could redefine nuclear energy by making it safer, cleaner, and more sustainable. What’s your take on this? Comment below....

U.S. Starts Full Production of the B61-13 Nuclear Gravity Bomb 24X Powerful Than Hiroshima Bomb

The U.S. has begun full production of the B61-13 nuclear gravity bomb, which is part of a modernization effort for its nuclear arsenal. This bomb has a variable yield ranging from 10 to 360 kilotons, making it significantly more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. It’s designed to target hardened and large-area military sites, with updated safety and precision features.

A nuclear gravity bomb is a type of nuclear weapon designed to be dropped from an aircraft and relies solely on gravity to reach its target. Unlike guided missiles or warheads that can be launched from submarines or silos, gravity bombs are free-fall weapons, meaning they are released and descend without any propulsion or guidance.

The B61-13 is a modernized nuclear gravity bomb developed by the U.S. It’s part of the B61 series, which has been in service since the 1960s. This bomb is designed to be more precise and versatile, with a variable yield ranging from 10 to 360 kilotons. To put that into perspective, the bomb dropped on Hiroshima had a yield of about 15 kilotons.

The production of the B61-13 is expected to be completed by 2025, with around 50 units planned. It’s significantly more powerful than earlier versions, such as the B61-12, and is said to be 24 times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

It was in October 2023 when the US Department of Defense announced the development of a new nuclear bomb, pending Congressional authorisation and appropriation. The B61-13 would be a new gravity bomb, of a much higher potential yield than the B61-12, which is currently replacing other versions deployed in Europe.

The B61-13 is intended to target hardened military sites and large areas, making it a strategic weapon. It’s equipped with advanced safety features and delivery options, including air and ground burst capabilities.

This development has sparked debates about nuclear proliferation and the ethical implications of such weapons.

Naveen Jindal Group Enters Nuclear Energy Sector; Establishes New Company

The Naveen Jindal Group has recently announced its entry into the nuclear energy sector with the establishment of Jindal Nuclear Power Private Limited. This new company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Jindal Renewables and aims to build 18 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity over the next two decades.

The company plans to invest $21 billion to build 18 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity over the next two decades.

Jindal Nuclear will leverage advanced technologies such as Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs), Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and Gen-IV Reactors to ensure safety, efficiency, and sustainability. The new company will be a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jindal Renewables, and will build, own, and operate state-of-the-art nuclear power plants, leveraging advanced technologies to ensure world-class safety, operating efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

This initiative aligns with the Government of India's Union Budget 2025 announcement, which targets 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047.

The project aims to support sustainable economic growth with low-emission industrialization and significantly reduce the nation's CO2 footprint.

Jindal Nuclear is the first private sector company to express interest in investing in nuclear power in India, following the government's recent decision to open the nuclear energy sector to private investment.

This ambitious plan reflects Jindal Nuclear's commitment to supporting India's transition to a low-carbon economy and providing reliable, CO2-free energy.

Jindal Nuclear plans to leverage advanced technologies, including Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs), Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), and Gen-IV Reactors, to ensure world-class safety, operating efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Several private companies in India have shown interest in the nuclear energy sector following the government's decision to open it up to private investment.

Reliance Industries is engaged in discussions with the government for potential investments in nuclear energy projects. Tata Power is also another major player exploring opportunities in the nuclear energy sector.

Adani is also in talks with the government for investments in nuclear power generation. Vedanta Ltd is also considering investments in the nuclear energy sector.

Megha Engineering & Infrastructures is involved in nuclear projects, primarily through engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractsm

These companies are expected to contribute significantly to India's ambitious targets for nuclear power capacity and renewable energy adoption.

NTPC and US-based Clean Core Collaborate for Using Thorium-based Nuclear Fuel Tech in India

NTPC Limited, India's largest integrated power company, has partnered with US based Clean Core Thorium Energy (Clean Core) to explore the development and deployment of ANEEL™ fuel for Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). This collaboration aims to leverage thorium-based nuclear fuel technology to enhance India's energy security and sustainability.

Advanced Nuclear Energy for Enriched Life (ANEEL™) is a new nuclear fuel developed by Clean Core, a Chicago-based company founded by Mehul Shah.

ANEEL™ is a mix of Thorium and Uranium enriched to a certain level, known as High Assay Low Enriched Uranium (HALEU).

The name ANEEL™ honors Dr. Anil Kakodkar, one of India's foremost nuclear scientists.

The collaboration aims to minimize the use of Uranium-235 by leveraging Thorium, which India has in abundance. ANEEL™ can be used in existing Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactors (PHWRs), which are a significant part of India's nuclear fleet.

It was in last month only when Clean Core announced that its patented ANEEL™ fuel has reached a groundbreaking burnup milestone in the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. With this, Clean Core's first-of-its-kind, thorium-based ANEEL™ fuel moves a step closer to commercialization.

ANEEL™ can fast-track India's transition to green energy by efficiently utilizing Thorium reserves. Spent ANEEL fuel cannot be used for weapons, enhancing nuclear non-proliferation efforts. It can help India achieve its net-zero target by 2070 and ensure energy security.

Key Objectives:

1. Development and Deployment: Explore the introduction of ANEEL™ fuel in India's PHWRs.
2. Indigenization: Promote local manufacturing and develop a domestic supply chain for ANEEL™ Fuel.
3. Supply Chain for HALEU: Establish logistics for High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU).
4. Uranium Supply with Sovereign Guarantee: Secure uranium supplies for India to support fuel requirements.

Benefits of ANEEL™ Fuel:

• Utilization of Thorium: Uses India's abundant thorium reserves in existing PHWR reactors.
• Waste Reduction: Significantly lowers nuclear waste.
• Energy Security: Enhances India's energy independence.
• Improved Safety: Boosts safety and proliferation resistance.
• Cost Efficiency: Delivers greater energy output while reducing operational costs.

This partnership reflects a commitment to fostering innovation in nuclear energy and ensuring energy sustainability and security.

Earlier in October, Larsen & Toubro also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to with Clean Core to collaborate on providing efficient solutions globally in clean energy through CCTE’s patented ANEEL™ fuel. 

India Designed Reactor Unit of Rajasthan Atomic Power Project Achieves Criticality (Start of Controlled Fission Chain Reaction)

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) has announced that, the Unit 7 of the 2 X 700 MW Rajasthan Atomic Power Project 7 & 8 (RAPP-7&8) at Rawatbhata, achieved the important milestone of Criticality (start of controlled fission chain reaction) on September 19, 2024 at 22:42 hrs, after clearance of First Approach to Criticality by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).

The Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (RAPP), also known as the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS), is a significant nuclear power plant located in Rawatbhata, Rajasthan, India.

RAPP-7 is the third in the series of sixteen indigenous Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) of 700 MW each, being set up in India.

The successful achievement of Criticality of RAPP-7, after the smooth operation of the first two 700 MW PHWRs, viz. KAPS 3&4 (2X700 MW) at Kakrapar in Gujarat, demonstrates the maturity achieved by NPCIL in the design, construction and operation of the indigenous 700 MW PHWRs.

Criticality for the first time on the project timeline marks the completion of construction phase and commencement of the operation phase.

Various experiments/ tests will now be conducted before connecting it to the grid. Thereafter the power level will be raised in steps to full power, in line with the clearances of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).

RAPP-7&8 project is being set up at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan, where already six units with a total capacity of 1180 MW are in operation. RAPP-7 is expected to start generation this year, followed by RAPP-8 in the next year.

NPCIL presently operates 24 reactors with a total capacity of 8180 MW and has eight units (including RAPP-7) with a capacity of 6800 MW under construction. In addition, 10 more reactors with a total capacity of 7000 MW are in pre-project activities. These are expected to be completed progressively by 2031-32.

The Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (RAPP), also known as the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS), began in 1963, with the first reactor (RAPS-1) becoming operational in 1973. The plant has expanded over the years and currently includes multiple reactors.

The plant operates several pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). Units 1 and 2 are CANDU reactors, while Units 3 to 8 are Indian-designed PHWRs. The total installed capacity is 1,180 MW, with two additional reactors (Units 7 and 8) under construction, each with a capacity of 700 MW.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has audited the reactors at RAPS and concluded that they are among the best in the world in terms of safety.

Units 7 and 8 are expected to significantly increase the plant’s capacity.

Govt Approves NPCIL-NTPC JV ASHVINI to Build, Own, and Operate Nuclear Power Plants in India

Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam Ltd (ASHVINI) is a joint venture between the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and NTPC Ltd. This venture, with NPCIL holding 51% equity and NTPC holding 49%, has been established to build, own, and operate nuclear power plants in India.

On Tuesday, the Indian government granted formal approval to ASHVINI, allowing it to take over the Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (MBRAPP), which will utilize indigenous Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor (PHWR) technology and have a capacity of 2800 MW.

In addition to MBRAPP, ASHVINI shall also pursue other nuclear power projects in different parts of the country.

The Department of Atomic Energy, on September 17, 2024, formally handed over the government approval to Anushakti Vidhyut Nigam Ltd (ASHVINI) to the respective CMDs of Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL) and NTPC Ltd.

This move is expected to accelerate nuclear power capacity addition in India, contributing to the country's ambitious targets for nuclear energy and its Net Zero emissions goal by 2070.

Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (MBRAPP)

The Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (MBRAPP) is a significant nuclear power initiative in India. Here are some key details:

• Location: The plant will be built near the Banswara district in Rajasthan, covering an area of approximately 1,366.49 acres.
• Capacity: The project will have an installed capacity of 2800 MW, consisting of four units, each with a capacity of 700 MW.
• Technology: It will utilize Indigenous Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor (IPHWR-700) technology, similar to the reactors at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station and Rajasthan Atomic Power Station.
• Construction Timeline: Construction is scheduled to begin in 2024, with completion expected within 4-5 years.
• Cost: The estimated cost of the project is around ₹50,000 crore (approximately $6 billion USD).
• Environmental Impact: The project includes comprehensive environmental impact assessments and mitigation measures to address potential impacts on air quality, water resources, and local ecology.

This project is part of India's broader strategy to enhance its nuclear power capacity and contribute to its energy security and environmental goals.

India, Russia and China Plan to Develop Nuclear Power Plant on the Moon

India, Russia and China are planning to collaborate on developing a nuclear power plant on the Moon. This ambitious project is led by Russia's state nuclear corporation, Rosatom, and aims to establish a small nuclear reactor capable of generating up to half a megawatt of energy.

The nuclear power plant is intended to support future lunar base operations, providing a reliable energy source essential for sustaining long-term human presence and scientific research on the Moon.

This ground-breaking project, capable of generating half a megawatt of energy and expected to be operational by 2035, will see an initial step of installing a small reactor for essential power.

The plan positions the Global South at the forefront of lunar colonisation efforts. India's involvement aligns seamlessly with its ambitious plans for a manned lunar mission by 2040, potentially accelerating this timeline. The collaboration transcends terrestrial geopolitics, showcasing the Global South's growing influence in space technology and diplomacy.

Using nuclear power on the Moon offers several significant advantages. Unlike solar power, which is dependent on sunlight and affected by the lunar night (lasting about 14 Earth days), nuclear power can provide a continuous and stable energy supply.

Moreover, nuclear reactors have a high energy density, meaning they can produce a large amount of energy from a relatively small amount of fuel. This is crucial for supporting long-term missions and operations on the Moon.

Transporting a nuclear reactor to the Moon is a complex and multi-step process. Typically, the reactor will be designed to be compact and lightweight, ensuring it can be safely transported by a spacecraft. Once in lunar orbit, a specialized lunar lander will transport the reactor from the spacecraft to the Moon’s surface. This lander will need to be capable of safely landing the reactor in the designated area.

After landing, the reactor will be deployed and assembled on the lunar surface. This might involve robotic systems or astronauts, depending on the mission’s specifics.

India's involvement aligns with its plans for a manned lunar mission by 2040. This collaboration underscores the importance of International cooperation in space exploration and the development of sustainable energy solutions for extraterrestrial environments.

This collaboration between India, Russia, and China will likely leverage their combined expertise in space technology and nuclear engineering to achieve this ambitious goal.

Tata Group to Be the 1st Private Entity to Enter Nuclear Power Business

Tata Group is poised to become one of the first private sector players to enter the nuclear power business in India. Group chairman N. Chandrasekaran recently announced that Tata Power is exploring participation in "small modular nuclear reactors (SMNRs)" once the government grants necessary permissions.

To recall, it was in late 2022 when Union minister Dr Jitendra Singh invited participation of private sector and Start-ups to explore the development of SMR (Small Module Reactors) technology within India. SMRs are nuclear fission reactors that are smaller than conventional nuclear reactors as we know it, and are modular in use.

The Indian government plans to invite companies to invest approximately $26 billion in the sector to reduce carbon emissions. This move aligns with global trends toward greater acceptance of nuclear energy as countries seek to meet emission goals.

In its latest annual report, Tata Power has mentioned, "As large reactors face constraints and safety concerns, there has been a shift towards SMNRs. Governments are increasingly supporting SMNR development, unveiling new funding plans."

While challenges exist in building SMRs, countries like China, Russia, and the U.S. are leading the way in this segment. In contrast, India's nuclear energy expansion has been slower, with Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL) recently commissioning two 700 MW units at Kakrapar nuclear power station in Gujarat after a six-year gap.

As of now, India operates 24 nuclear reactors with a combined capacity of 8.1 gigawatts (GW). India aims to add 18 more nuclear reactors by 2031–32, bringing the total nuclear power capacity to 22.4 GW. These include 10 indigenously designed pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs).

At present, the law bars private firms from building nuclear power plants in the country. However, they can supply equipment and components and participate in civil construction outside the reactors.

The Indian government is seeking $26 billion (Rs2.16 trillion) in private investment for ittechnology. nergy industry to decarbonize the power sector. Talks are ongoing with private companies like Reliance Industries, Tata Power, Adani Power, and Vedanta.

Notably, in her Budget 2024 speech, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced plans to develop Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) as part of India's push to expand its nuclear energy capabilities. BSRs are compact nuclear reactors designed to generate electricity on a smaller scale compared to traditional large nuclear power plants. They are based on India’s tried and tested 220-megawatt pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) technology, with 16 operational units already in the country.

The key innovation with BSRs is the government’s decision to partner with the private sector for their development and deployment. This marks a historic shift, as the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 previously did not permit private sector participation in nuclear energy generation.

While BSRs align with global trends in nuclear energy, they are distinct from small modular reactors (SMRs). SMRs involve factory-made, easily assembled reactors, whereas BSRs build upon India’s existing PHWR technology.